Ningbo is a
harbor city in Zhejiang province and one of China’s most prominent ports. The
Ningbo-Zhoushan port is the fifth-largest in the world and the third-busiest in
China after Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. It is bound by the East China Sea
and Zhoushan Archipelago in the east, by Hangzhou Bay in the north, by Shaoxing
in the west, and by Taizhou in the south. In 2007, the Hangzhou bay bridge was
built, connecting Ningbo with its neighbors. Ningbo has established intermodal
rail services that connect it to 13 inland ports. It also has the largest
specialized dock for storing liquefied chemical products in China.
Ningbo serves as the economic center for
the southern Yangtze River Delta and has been ranked among the most competitive
cities in China. The municipal government of Ningbo encourages foreign
investment and various multinational corporations (MNCs) have established
operations in and around Ningbo. In 2013, Ningbo’s GDP reached US $108.3
billion (RMB 712.89 billion), up 8.1 percent year on year with an annual growth
rate of 9.26 percent. Ningbo’s exports totaled US $65.7 billion while imports
amounted to US $34.6 billion. The city ranked second in economic performance
for Zhejiang province in 2014, trailing only Hangzhou
Ningbo has a sister city relationship
with four cities in the U.S. – Wilmington, Delaware (1988), Houston, Texas
(2000), Milwaukee, Wisconsin (2006) and Norfolk, Virginia (2013).
The Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise (WFOE) is a Limited
liability company wholly owned by the foreign investor. The foreign company has
sole responsibility for its profits and losses. Limited liability is recognized
by the amount of registered capital injected into the business. It is required
to register as a legal person who is restricted to certain businesses. The
enterprise is able to implement strategies that effectively conform to the
interests of the parent company abroad. Moreover, technology and know-how are
given better protection.
To establish a WFOE in Ningbo China, the project shall be examined and approved by the district authorities where the project is to be located. The foreign investor is required to entrust the authorized consultative bodies or agencies with the tasks of application and documents submission for approval..
Capital Contribution:
There is a minimum capital contribution required, known as registered capital, which varies according to the nature of business. The registered capital shall be matched with the actual business activities. There is NO real capital requirements since 2014.
Investor
The foreign investor may be a foreign company, enterprise, other economic organization, or a natural person.
(1) For a company/enterprise, the Certificate of Incorporation and Bank Reference Letter are required.
(2) For a natural person, the Identity Certificate and Bank Reference Letter are required.
-- the Certificate of Incorporation/Identity Certificate
--certified by the notary organ and the Chinese Embassy in your country
-- the Bank Reference Letter
-- issued by the bank in which foreign investor has a working or trading account and signed by an authorized bank officer
Process of Setup WFOE in China:
1. Reservation and Application of Company Name:
Prior to any of the following applications, the investor(s) should reserve a name for its prospective WFOE with Ningbo Administration of Industry and Commerce (SAIC). SAIC requires that a proposed name and three other names be provided.
2. The Chinese name should be formatted as follows:
First word - company name; Second word - activity; Third word - location/name of town; Fourth word - company structure. The use of 'China' 'Sino' and 'International' are not permitted in the Chinese name unless very special permission is given, although they are permitted in the non-Chinese name.
3. Registration of Approval Certificate:
After the completion of Name Approval Notification, Approval letter and Approval Certificate are the next to register. At the time of application, Article of Association, Feasibility Study Report, Lease Agreement, etc. should be submitted to Ningbo Municipal Commission of Commerce. The local Approval Authority will review all documentation and give instructions in accordance with the Company Law and local regulations. If all is up to standard, the authority is able to give its approval and issue the certificate within 10 to 15 working days upon receiving all the required documentation.
4. Business License and Organization Code Certificate:
Within 30 days after obtaining the approval certificate, the foreign investor will need to register and apply for a business license for the WFOE from the local SAIC. As part of this step, the foreign investor should submit similar documentation to the authority for approval and filing.
5. Once the business license is issued, the WFOE is deemed to be a legal person duly organized and existing under PRC laws and will have full operational rights to operate a business in China within the scope of its Business License. The organization code refer to the statutory code, the only and constant code identity given to every single organization, according to the compiling rules of national organization code. Application for Organization Code Certificate is purely a procedural step.
6 .Registration of Tax Registration Certificate:
Once your Organization Code registration Certificate is approved then you may proceed with applications to the local tax authority. At the same time, you should also apply for the company seal and legal representative seal from Ningbo Municipal Police Bureau with the assistance of the authorized Carving Seal Agent. Together with Approval Certificate, Business License and other documents, the formal application form affixed with seals should be submitted to the authority for their examination and approval. Start from the second month after obtaining the Tax Registration Certificate, the WFOE is required to apply tax filling monthly / quarterly and inspection annually.
7. Other Certificates of WFOE:
-- Statistics Registration Certificate issued by Statistics Bureau;
-- Foreign Exchange Registration Certificate issued by State Administration of Foreign Exchange;
-- Financial Registration Certificate issued by Finance Bureau;
-- Customs Registration Certificate issued by Customs Bureau.
8. Post Incorporation:
Having obtained approval from the tax and foreign exchange authorities, you are legally entitled to open Foreign Currency Capital Account and RMB Basic Account. Then you may proceed with capital injection, capital verification and certificates renewal.
9. Information and Documents Required:
--name and address of WFOE;
-- WFOE's office rental contract;
-- a written application for the establishment of the WFOE;
-- the Feasibility Study Report covering items such as technological process, equipments, raw material supply, market survey, economic results, infrastructure facilities, expected profitability, etc;
-- the Articles of Association of the proposed WFOE;
-- a list containing the proposed chairman and the members of the WFOE board of directors and appointment letters;
--- the Certificate of Incorporation of the WFOE investor;
-- the Bank Reference Letter of the WFOE investor;
-- other documents as may be required by the Approval Authority
From 1st October 2016, China Ministry of Commerce has changed the foreign investment approval system into filing system. It means WFOE whose industry is not restricted type or prohibited type can directly start the business registration first and then complete the filling system on website of Ministry of Commerce. This change has greatly reduce the policy risk when foreign investor plans to start a WFOE in China.
To establish a WFOE in Ningbo China, the project shall be examined and approved by the district authorities where the project is to be located. The foreign investor is required to entrust the authorized consultative bodies or agencies with the tasks of application and documents submission for approval..
Capital Contribution:
There is a minimum capital contribution required, known as registered capital, which varies according to the nature of business. The registered capital shall be matched with the actual business activities. There is NO real capital requirements since 2014.
Investor
The foreign investor may be a foreign company, enterprise, other economic organization, or a natural person.
(1) For a company/enterprise, the Certificate of Incorporation and Bank Reference Letter are required.
(2) For a natural person, the Identity Certificate and Bank Reference Letter are required.
-- the Certificate of Incorporation/Identity Certificate
--certified by the notary organ and the Chinese Embassy in your country
-- the Bank Reference Letter
-- issued by the bank in which foreign investor has a working or trading account and signed by an authorized bank officer
Process of Setup WFOE in China:
1. Reservation and Application of Company Name:
Prior to any of the following applications, the investor(s) should reserve a name for its prospective WFOE with Ningbo Administration of Industry and Commerce (SAIC). SAIC requires that a proposed name and three other names be provided.
2. The Chinese name should be formatted as follows:
First word - company name; Second word - activity; Third word - location/name of town; Fourth word - company structure. The use of 'China' 'Sino' and 'International' are not permitted in the Chinese name unless very special permission is given, although they are permitted in the non-Chinese name.
3. Registration of Approval Certificate:
After the completion of Name Approval Notification, Approval letter and Approval Certificate are the next to register. At the time of application, Article of Association, Feasibility Study Report, Lease Agreement, etc. should be submitted to Ningbo Municipal Commission of Commerce. The local Approval Authority will review all documentation and give instructions in accordance with the Company Law and local regulations. If all is up to standard, the authority is able to give its approval and issue the certificate within 10 to 15 working days upon receiving all the required documentation.
4. Business License and Organization Code Certificate:
Within 30 days after obtaining the approval certificate, the foreign investor will need to register and apply for a business license for the WFOE from the local SAIC. As part of this step, the foreign investor should submit similar documentation to the authority for approval and filing.
5. Once the business license is issued, the WFOE is deemed to be a legal person duly organized and existing under PRC laws and will have full operational rights to operate a business in China within the scope of its Business License. The organization code refer to the statutory code, the only and constant code identity given to every single organization, according to the compiling rules of national organization code. Application for Organization Code Certificate is purely a procedural step.
6 .Registration of Tax Registration Certificate:
Once your Organization Code registration Certificate is approved then you may proceed with applications to the local tax authority. At the same time, you should also apply for the company seal and legal representative seal from Ningbo Municipal Police Bureau with the assistance of the authorized Carving Seal Agent. Together with Approval Certificate, Business License and other documents, the formal application form affixed with seals should be submitted to the authority for their examination and approval. Start from the second month after obtaining the Tax Registration Certificate, the WFOE is required to apply tax filling monthly / quarterly and inspection annually.
7. Other Certificates of WFOE:
-- Statistics Registration Certificate issued by Statistics Bureau;
-- Foreign Exchange Registration Certificate issued by State Administration of Foreign Exchange;
-- Financial Registration Certificate issued by Finance Bureau;
-- Customs Registration Certificate issued by Customs Bureau.
8. Post Incorporation:
Having obtained approval from the tax and foreign exchange authorities, you are legally entitled to open Foreign Currency Capital Account and RMB Basic Account. Then you may proceed with capital injection, capital verification and certificates renewal.
9. Information and Documents Required:
--name and address of WFOE;
-- WFOE's office rental contract;
-- a written application for the establishment of the WFOE;
-- the Feasibility Study Report covering items such as technological process, equipments, raw material supply, market survey, economic results, infrastructure facilities, expected profitability, etc;
-- the Articles of Association of the proposed WFOE;
-- a list containing the proposed chairman and the members of the WFOE board of directors and appointment letters;
--- the Certificate of Incorporation of the WFOE investor;
-- the Bank Reference Letter of the WFOE investor;
-- other documents as may be required by the Approval Authority
From 1st October 2016, China Ministry of Commerce has changed the foreign investment approval system into filing system. It means WFOE whose industry is not restricted type or prohibited type can directly start the business registration first and then complete the filling system on website of Ministry of Commerce. This change has greatly reduce the policy risk when foreign investor plans to start a WFOE in China.
Make
Sure Your Ningbo WFOE Structure Is Compliant
Keeping your China WFOE structure compliant, current and out of the cross hairs can be a challenging task. Chinese business law is diverse and complicated, and it is important that you stay on top of it. We are going to take a look at how you can make sure your China WFOE structure is currently compliant with these laws, and what steps you can take to prevent any unwanted scrutiny.
You must have someone in your company or preferably a consulting agency that actively follows and understands Chinese law. Current information isn’t always readily available and almost certainly not in English, so it is important to have someone keep their ear to the ground about any sudden changes or shifts in compliance laws. You will need someone actively monitoring this on the ground, as it changes with little or no warning, and where there’s smoke there’s fire.
How Do I
know if My WFOE Structure is Currently Compliant?
There are essentially 4 points you need to look at to make sure your China WFOE structure is compliant and up to date:
Tax
compliance requires the knowledge of a local tax accountant or similar
resource. The State Administration of Taxation (SAT) oversees all kinds
of tax paid by corporations, but only corporate income tax (CIT) requires
annual reconciliation. The deadline for submitting the CIT Reconciliation
Report to the Tax
Bureau is May 31 every year,
however, the investigation of the tax compliance could last to the end of the
year, and companies should be prepared to provide supporting documents upon
demand from the Tax Bureau.
Every year around March, depending on the area, the local Tax Bureau will issue annual guidelines on CIT reconciliation. The CIT Reconciliation Report is examined by the Tax Bureau to see if all tax liabilities have been fulfilled under tax law. This has to be done annually and failure to comply could result in heavy penalties.
Statutory Annual Audit Report
Company
Law mandates the annual audit of financial reports, with entity-specific laws
like WFOE law requiring this audit to be conducted by a Certified
Public Accountant(CPA) firm in China.
The objective of this audit is to ensure companies are meeting Chinese
financial and accounting standards.
Usually, CPA firms start preparing annual audit reports in January, directly after closing last year’s account. The procedure takes all of two months, and the audit report needs to be finished before the May 31 tax-filing deadline.
Many foreign investors want to know exactly what’s going on in their China WFOE, and an upgrade to an in-depth audit done according to Western best practices, someone to design, supervise and assist with audit execution are now becoming commonplace.
Usually, CPA firms start preparing annual audit reports in January, directly after closing last year’s account. The procedure takes all of two months, and the audit report needs to be finished before the May 31 tax-filing deadline.
Many foreign investors want to know exactly what’s going on in their China WFOE, and an upgrade to an in-depth audit done according to Western best practices, someone to design, supervise and assist with audit execution are now becoming commonplace.
Audit Report for Foreign Exchange Reconciliation
All
forex transactions in and out of China are strictly controlled by the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), the Bureau under the People’s Bank
of China inspects foreign exchange transactions. Each year, SAFE requires an
audit report for foreign exchange reconciliation to demonstrate the legality of
a company’s foreign currency inflows and outflows.
This, as you probably guessed, requires an authorized Chinese CPA firm to audit report. The guidelines on Annual Foreign Exchange Reconciliation availability may vary by region, usually around March or April each year. The submission deadline is June 30 each year.
This, as you probably guessed, requires an authorized Chinese CPA firm to audit report. The guidelines on Annual Foreign Exchange Reconciliation availability may vary by region, usually around March or April each year. The submission deadline is June 30 each year.
Annual Inspection
All
enterprises are required to go through the annual inspections “cooperative
annual examinations’ of multiple government departments. These are designed to
ensure that your WFOE conducts business in compliance with each department’s
requirements.
Each year the annual inspection runs from January to the end of June, and can be jointly or separately conducted by the following government departments:
Each year the annual inspection runs from January to the end of June, and can be jointly or separately conducted by the following government departments:
· Customs
· Administration
of Industry and Commerce (AIC)
· Tax
Bureau
· Local
office of the Ministry of Commerce (MoC)
· State
Administration of Foreign Exchange
· Statistics
Bureau
· Finance
Bureau
China
WFOE structures with branches should pay special attention to ensuring that
their branches also undergo annual inspection.
What Does
Annual Corporate Compliance Mean?
As
mentioned for WFOEs, annual corporate compliance involves producing a corporate
income tax (CIT) reconciliation report, an audit report for foreign currency
reconciliation, statutory annual audit report, as well as passing an annual
inspection and fulfilling any other region-specific requirements.
On top of the official reports and audits you have to make sure your China WFOE structure is currently still within the scope of work as when you registered your company. Here are a few points to keep in mind when making sure you are still in line with corporate compliance:
On top of the official reports and audits you have to make sure your China WFOE structure is currently still within the scope of work as when you registered your company. Here are a few points to keep in mind when making sure you are still in line with corporate compliance:
· Be sure you are still operating
within the bounds of business activity described at the onset of
registering your WFOE,
· Have you moved your operation or
any parts of your operation to a new address, if so have you revised your
registration papers?
· Have you changed any staff
members, or taken on any new staff in the meantime?
These
questions relate directly to your up to date employment, tax and contract
compliance and has to be updated regularly on your registration papers.
Conclusion
The
common theme of compliance here is to be up to date and vigilant of Chinese law
in its current form, while trying to anticipate how these laws will be changed
or interpreted over time and to be aware of it when they do.
The defence of your business to steer clear of unwanted scrutiny and unnecessary trouble is to make sure all your paperwork, registrations and plans are filed with the appropriate government agencies in a timely manner, both local and national. If you can tick all the boxes above your company should be in perfect compliance.
The defence of your business to steer clear of unwanted scrutiny and unnecessary trouble is to make sure all your paperwork, registrations and plans are filed with the appropriate government agencies in a timely manner, both local and national. If you can tick all the boxes above your company should be in perfect compliance.
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